It is known that, in the XVIIIth century, the growth of a new physics also drove the mathematics into new ways with respect to Euclidean geometry which, following Plato and Galileo, had been considered the "measure and interpretation" of the world. From then on new subjects emerge, such as differential calculus, complex numbers, analytic, differential and non-Euclidean geometries, functions of a complex variable, partial differential equations and, at the end of the XIXth century, group theory. © 2008 Birkhäuser Verlag AG.

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