A review of the existing data for the Middle Pleistocene glacial remnants in the Apennines and new stratigraphic and tephrochronological data has enabled us to recognize at least five glacial stages during Marine Isotope Stages 14, 12, 10, 8 and 6. In particular, the identification of deposits attributable to Marine Isotope Stage 12 has filled a gap that was hitherto difficult to justify because, in the Mediterranean area, this glacial period is characterized by significant climatic changes that are connected with major environmental changes and glacial stages in the neighbouring Balkans and in Greece. The association between the Middle Pleistocene moraines and closed karst-tectonic basins, which are related to faults active in post-glacial times, suggests that tectonics has played a leading role in accommodating sediment deposition and thus in preserving the sedimentary record of these glaciations. Tectonic activity has, in some places, significantly influenced the altitude of the glacial cirques and the terminal moraines so that assessment of the equilibrium-line altitude based on these data is unreliable. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London.

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