This paper presents the results of a wide experimental campaign, which included non-destructive (NDT) and destructive tests (DT) on structural elements made of old chestnut wood. Ultrasonic, sclerometric and resistographic methods were used and static tests in compression parallel to grain and in bending were carried out. By means of linear regression models, NDT-DT correlations are provided in order to predict the wood density, strength and modulus of elasticity of the material. The achieved relationships show a great potentiality of NDT techniques for in situ diagnosis and mechanical identification of wooden members, leading to the appraisal of ancient timber structures integrity.