| Title | Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and gene expression changes elicited by exposure of human hepatic cells to Ginkgo biloba leaf extract |
|---|---|
| Publication Type | Articolo su Rivista peer-reviewed |
| Year of Publication | 2017 |
| Authors | Grollino, Maria Giuseppa, Raschellà Giuseppe, Cordelli Eugenia, Villani Paola, Pieraccioli M., Paximadas I., Malandrino S., Bonassi S., and Pacchierotti Francesca |
| Journal | Food and Chemical Toxicology |
| Volume | 109 |
| Pagination | 486-496 |
| ISSN | 02786915 |
| Keywords | Aflatoxin B1, Apoptosis, article, carcinogenicity, caspase 3, caspase 7, Cell Line, Cell Survival, cell viability, chemistry, colony formation, Comet Assay, controlled study, cytology, Cytotoxicity, DNA damage, drug effects, enzyme activity, Gene expression, genetics, genotoxicity, Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgo biloba extract, ginkgoselect plus, Hepatocytes, human, human cell, Humans, idn 5933, IGFBP3 gene, IGFBP3 protein, in vitro study, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3, liver cell, metabolism, Plant extract, Plant extracts, plant leaf, Plant leaves, reactive oxygen metabolite, Reactive Oxygen Species, somatomedin binding protein 3, Toxicity |
| Abstract | The use of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract as nutraceutical is becoming increasingly common. As a consequence, the definition of a reliable toxicological profile is a priority for its safe utilization. Recently, contrasting data have been reported on the carcinogenic potential of Ginkgo biloba extract in rodent liver. We measured viability, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), apoptosis, colony-forming efficiency, genotoxicity by comet assay, and gene expression changes associated with hepato-carcinogenicity in human cells of hepatic origin (HepG2 and THLE-2) treated with different concentrations (0.0005–1.2 mg/mL) of Ginkgoselect®Plus. Our analyses highlighted a decrease of cell viability, not due to apoptosis, after treatment with high doses of the extract, which was likely due to ROS generation by a chemical reaction between extract polyphenols and some components of the culture medium. Comet assay did not detect genotoxic effect at any extract concentration. Finally, the array analysis detected a slight decrease in the expression of only one gene (IGFBP3) in Ginkgo-treated THLE-2 cells as opposed to changes in 28 genes in Aflatoxin B1 treated-cells. In conclusion, our results did not detect any significant genotoxic or biologically relevant cytotoxic effects and gross changes in gene expression using the Ginkgo extract in the hepatic cells tested. © 2017 The Authors |
| Notes | cited By 1 |
| URL | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030696271&doi=10.1016%2fj.fct.2017.09.042&partnerID=40&md5=ef24a808ee8336d872a5f867e82e8f94 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.042 |
| Citation Key | Grollino2017486 |
