A general view of the recent bioelectromagnetic research and of its future perspectives is presented in this paper. Indeed open issues on the effects of radiofrequency and microwave low-level chronic exposure need further scientific clarifications. In this context, recent epidemiological studies are discussed as well as human, animal and cellular investigations. Prospective cohort studies of children and adolescents are one of the most important priorities for epidemiology. For human studies, provocation investigations devoted to identity possible neurobiological mechanisms underlying any RF field effects on the adults and children brain seem the most significant issue, whilst for animal studies open questions are mainly related to the possible greater sensitivity on early-life and prenatal stage to RF and MW exposure. © 2011 EurAAP.