Exploitation of renewable raw materials of biological origin has a strategic importance in the bio-economy context for contributing to promote a sustainable development, so improving environmental benefits. In this view, appropriate and low input crops grown in marginal/polluted/abandoned soils could be used as new alternative sources for different industrial processes as biofuel production. Within the framework of a cooperation agreement among the Italian Environment Ministry, ENEA, CNR, and Italian Air Force, Project on Aerotraction with Bio-fuels – ABC, 2017/2018, the present work aimed at studying some chemical characteristics of artichoke seed oil for alternative uses in industrial applications. Selected genotypes were morphologically evaluated for productive traits and biochemically analysed under the quanti-qualitative oil aspect. A comparison with other oleaginous species has been made. Preliminary results showed genotypes as possible sources of oil that could be used in the sector of biofuel for the aviation sector. The development of these genotypes could provide environmental benefits and represents an opportunity to improve agriculture in some areas, also valorising the otherwise abandoned local biodiversity. © 2020 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.

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